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Constructive Trust Helping You Win at Law & Win at Life

Constructive Trust Attorney in Queens, NY

When someone you trusted breaks a promise about property, whether it involves a family home, a business, or assets shared during a relationship, the law does not always offer a straightforward remedy. Standard contract claims may fall short, especially when the agreement was never put in writing. In these situations, New York courts recognize a powerful equitable tool called a constructive trust, which can compel the person holding your property to return it.

At the Law Offices of Andreas Vasilatos, PLLC, we represent clients throughout Queens and the greater New York City area in constructive trust claims arising from family disputes, relationship breakdowns, real estate disagreements, and contested estates. Our attorneys combine deep litigation experience with a thorough understanding of New York’s equitable principles to recover property for clients who have been wrongfully deprived of what belongs to them.

To read more about real-world examples of why you should hire a constructive trust lawyer, read these two articles about a recent dispute between a couple over their $4.3 million apartment.  

What is a Constructive Trust?

A constructive trust is not a trust in the traditional sense. Unlike a revocable living trust or a testamentary trust used in estate planning, a constructive trust is not created by a written document or a deliberate act of the parties. Instead, it is an equitable remedy imposed by a court to prevent injustice.

The concept dates back over a century in New York law. In the landmark 1919 decision Beatty v. Guggenheim Exploration Co., the Court of Appeals described the constructive trust as “the formula through which the conscience of equity finds expression.” Put plainly, when one person holds legal title to property but it would be fundamentally unfair for them to keep it, a court can declare that they hold it in “constructive trust” for the rightful owner and order its return.

The constructive trust is not a cause of action in itself but rather a tool that courts use to correct a wrong. It is an exception to the statute of frauds, which ordinarily requires real estate agreements to be in writing. Because the doctrine exists specifically to address situations in which written agreements are absent, the court looks instead at the conduct of the parties, the promises that were made, and the fairness of the outcome.  
 

Proving a Constructive Trust in New York: The Four Elements

The legal standard for imposing a constructive trust in New York was established by the Court of Appeals in Sharp v. Kosmalski (40 N.Y.2d 119, 1976). To succeed on a constructive trust claim, you must demonstrate four elements by clear and convincing evidence:

  1. A confidential or fiduciary relationship. The parties must have shared a relationship of trust and confidence—the type of relationship in which one person reasonably relies on the other to act in good faith. This can include romantic partners, family members, close friends, or business associates. Courts look at the nature and history of the relationship, not just formal legal designations.
  2. A promise, express or implied. There must have been a promise—whether stated explicitly or reasonably inferred from the circumstances—regarding the property in question. The promise does not need to be in writing. Courts have imposed constructive trusts based on oral promises and even promises implied by the parties’ conduct (McGrath v. Hilding, 41 N.Y.2d 625, 1977).
  3. A transfer made in reliance on that promise. Property must have been transferred, or value contributed, in reliance on the promise. The person claiming the constructive trust must show that they would not have made the transfer or contribution had the promise not been made.
  4. Unjust enrichment. The person holding the property must be unjustly enriched at the claimant’s expense. Importantly, the Court of Appeals has held that unjust enrichment does not require any wrongful act by the person enriched—even an innocent recipient can be unjustly enriched if allowing them to keep the property would be fundamentally unfair (Simonds v. Simonds, 45 N.Y.2d 233, 1978).

It is worth noting that the Court of Appeals has emphasized these four factors are guidelines, not rigid requirements. In Simonds v. Simonds, the court stated that “constructive trust doctrine is not rigidly limited” to the four Sharp elements, and that they “should be applied flexibly.” A constructive trust may still be imposed even if not every element is established in its traditional form, provided that the demands of justice require it.
 

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Championing Your Case, Empowering Your Future Why Choose Law Offices of Andreas Vasilatos?

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    We craft personalized legal approaches that align with your unique needs and goals, maximizing outcomes through negotiation or litigation.
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    We prioritize personalized service and accessibility, ensuring you're informed and confident in our strategic representation.

Work with an Experienced New York Constructive Trust Attorney

The Law Offices of Andreas Vasilatos, PLLC has two convenient locations: in Bayside, Queen, and at 7 World Trade Center in Manhattan. The firm serves clients in all five boroughs of New York City as well as Nassau, Suffolk, and Westchester Counties. 

We look forward to working with you. Call (855) 773-1166 or reach out online to get started.

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  • Queens Office
    36-51 Bell Boulevard
    Suite 202
    Bayside, NY 11361
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  • 7 World Trade Center
    250 Greenwich Street
    46th Floor
    New York, NY 10007
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